Investigating the Capsizing Incident of the RoPax OCD Vessel Utilizing the RAO Approach in Wave Conditions

Abstract RoPax is the most famous ship in world that simultaneously carries multipurpose such as passengers, cargo, and vehicles bulk. Cargo ships experience accidents, but contribute casualties worldwide. OCD practical economical for short-medium route vulnerable intact dynamic stability causes capsize. The paper analyses data of Opened Car Deck (OCD) accidents range time (2003-2021) Indonesia water reviewed by Response Amplitude Operator (RAO). Internal obtained from Indonesia’s National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC), external on wave characteristics are Global Ocean Waves Reanalysis Copernicus Marine Service. From RAO analysis eight capsizing cases show 62.5% occur sub-critical (effect low moment), 25% supercritical (a result small weight inertia 12.5% critical consequence damping moment). conclusion problems leading cause RoPax, so existing must improve their or be diverted to operation areas with suitable characteristics.